What are sediments? How are sediments formed?

1. What are sediments? How are sediments formed?
2. What are sources of sediments? Make a list and give a brief description in your own words.
   
    
3. Examine the diagram above. Where do terrigenous sediments accumulate? Why do they accumulate here?
4. What happens to the size of sediment as you get farther away from the shoreline? Explain what is happening.
5. What are turbidites?
6. What is grading bedding?
7. How do turbidites produce grading bedding?
8. You are to collect a handful of the oldest biogenous sediment in the Atlantic Ocean. Where would you get it from? Explain why you selected these locations. (Hint: The mid-ocean ridge is a divergent boundary, which of which direction the plates would be moving.)
9. How might cores be obtained from below the seafloor? What types of technology might be necessary to accomplish this scientific task?
10. How would you go about finding and identifying cosmogenous sediment?
11. [Optional: Extra Credit] What was the name and latitude and longitude of the island you were stranded on at the beginning of the course? Would you expect there to be more biogenous sediment or abyssal clays on the ocean floor? Why?

Quiz Questions

1. What is the most abundant sediment by volume in oceans?
   A. Lithogenous B. Cosmogenous C. Biogenous D. Hydrogenous
2. What is the most abundant sediment by surface area in oceans? (Hint: Consider how big the oceans are)
   A. Lithogenous B. Cosmogenous C. Biogenous D. Hydrogenous
3. Which of the following choices is least abundant in oceans?
   A. Lithogenous B. Cosmogenous C. Biogenous D. Hydrogenous
4. Which of the following choices includes calcareous and siliceous oozes?
   A. Lithogenous B. Cosmogenous C. Biogenous D. Hydrogenous
5. Which of the following choices includes manganese nodules?
   A. Lithogenous B. Cosmogenous C. Biogenous D. Hydrogenous
6. What are the most abundant sediment size deposits at Fort Lauderdale, FL Beach?
   A. Gravel B. Sand C. Silt D. Mud
7. What are the most abundant sediment size deposits on the continental shelf?
   A. Gravel B. Sand C. Silt D. Mud
8. What are the most abundant sediment size deposits in the great abyssal plains?
   A. Gravel B. Sand C. Silt D. Mud

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